Year 12 Biology Page Listing (2010 Edition)

Key to Symbols

Existing material which has
been upgraded this edition.

A new activity for this edition.
ISBN: 978-1-877462-45-0
Pages: 408

The page listing for this workbook is provided below.
Page numbers refer to the first page of each activity.
Some activities consist of two or more pages.

Note to the Teacher & Acknowledgments iii

How To Use This Workbook 1

Activity Pages 2

Explanation of Terms 3

Resources Information 4

Textbook Reference Grid 7

Biozone's Online Resources 8

Course Guides:

HSC 10

VCE 11

Queensland 12

South Australia 13

Western Australia 14

The Chemistry of Life

Objectives and Resources 15

The Biochemical Nature of the Cell 16

Organic Molecules 17

Water and Inorganic Ions 18

Carbohydrates 19

Lipids 21

Amino Acids 23

Proteins 25

Membranes in Cells 27

Review of Cell Ultrastructure 29

Cell Fractionation 32

Modification of Proteins 33

Packaging Macromolecules 34

Nucleic Acids 35

Enzymes 37

Enzyme Reaction Rates 39

Enzyme Cofactors and Inhibitors 40

Metabolic Pathways 41

Cellular Energetics

Objectives and Resources 43

The Role of ATP in Cells 44

Photosynthesis 45

Pigments and Light Absorption 46

The Biochemistry of Photosynthesis 47

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis 49

Cellular Respiration 50

The Biochemistry of Respiration 51

Anaerobic Pathways 53

Principles of Homeostasis

Objectives and Resources 54

Principles of Homeostasis 55

Maintaining Homeostasis 57

Detecting Changing States 59

Nervous Regulatory Systems 60

Hormonal Regulatory Systems 61

The Endocrine System 62

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary 63

Cell Signalling 64

Signal Transduction 65

Homeostasis and Adaptation

Objectives and Resources 66

The Homeostatic Role of Blood 67

Blood Vessels 69

The Search for Blood Substitutes 70

Temperature Regulation 71

Adaptations for Diving 73

Breathing in Humans 75

Homeostasis During Exercise 76

Gas Transport in Humans 77

The Effects of Altitude 79

Control of Blood Glucose 80

Waste Products in Humans 81

The Urinary System 82

The Physiology of the Kidney 83

Control of Urine Output 85

Renal Dialysis 86

Kidney Transplants 87

Control and Coordination

Objectives and Resources 88

Transport and Effects of Auxins 90

Photoperiodism in Plants 91

Auxins, Gibberellins, and ABA 93

Responses to Temperature in Plants 94

The Mammalian Nervous System 95

The Human Brain 96

Neurone Structure and Function 97

Reflexes 99

Transmission of Nerve Impulses 100

Chemical Synapses 101

The Basis of Sensory Perception 102

The Structure of the Eye 103

The Physiology of Vision 105

Adaptations for Vision 107

Hearing 108

Sensory Systems 109

Pheromones 111

Pathogens and Disease

Objectives and Resources 112

Infection and Disease 114

Transmission of Disease 115

Patterns of Disease 116

The Role of Health Statistics 117

Fungal Diseases 118

Viral Diseases 119

Replication in Animal Viruses 121

HIV and AIDS 123

Epidemiology of AIDS 125

Protozoan Diseases 127

Malaria 128

Bacterial Diseases 129

Tuberculosis 131

Cholera 132

Foodborne Disease 133

Multicellular Parasites 134

Emerging Diseases 135

Prion Diseases 137

Resistance in Pathogens 138

The Control of Disease 139

Antimicrobial Drugs 141

Plant Diseases 142

Defence and the Immune System

Objectives and Resources 143

Targets for Defence 145

Blood Group Antigens 146

The Body’s Defences 147

Blood Clotting and Defence 149

The Action of Phagocytes 150

Inflammation 151

Fever 152

The Lymphatic System 153

Acquired Immunity 154

The Immune System 155

Antibodies 157

Monoclonal Antibodies 159

Allergies and Hypersensitivity 160

Immunisation 161

Types of Vaccine 163

Plant Defence Mechanisms 165

Non-Infectious Disease

Objectives and Resources 166

Health vs Disease 167

Inherited Metabolic Disorders 169

Alzheimer's Disease 170

Deficiency Diseases 171

Malnutrition and Obesity 173

Type 2 Diabetes 174

Diseases Caused by Smoking 175

Cardiovascular Disease 177

Correcting Heart Problems 179

The Health Benefits of Exercise 180

Cancer 181

Breast Cancer 183

Herceptin: A Modern Monoclonal 184

Autoimmune Diseases 185

The Genetic Code

Objectives and Resources 186

Genomes 187

Prokaryotic Chromosomes 188

Eukaryote Chromosome Structure 189

Karyotypes 191

Human Karyotype Exercise 193

DNA Molecules 196

Creating a DNA Model 197

The Genetic Code 201

The Simplest Case: Genes to Proteins 202

Gene Expression 203

Transcription 205

Translation 206

DNA Replication 207

Cell Division and Cloning

Objectives and Resources 209

Mitosis vs Meiosis 210

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle 211

Apoptosis: Programmed Cell Death 213

Cloning by Embryo Splitting 214

Cloning by Nuclear Transfer 215

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering 217

Plant Tissue Culture 219

Gene Technology

Objectives and Resources 221

What is Genetic Modification 223

Applications of GMOs 224

Restriction Enzymes 225

Ligation 227

Gel Electrophoresis 228

Interpreting Electrophoresis Gels 229

Preparing a Gene for Cloning 230

In Vitro Gene Cloning by PCR 231

In Vivo Gene Cloning 233

DNA Chips 235

Vectors in Transgenesis 237

Genetically Modified Plants 239

Golden Rice 241

Using Recombinant Bacteria 242

Production of Human Proteins 243

Gene Therapy 245

Vectors for Gene Therapy 246

Gene Delivery Systems 247

The Ethics of GMO Technology 249

DNA Profiling Using PCR 251

Forensic Applications of DNA Profiling 253

Genome Projects 254

Automated DNA Sequencing 255

Investigating Genetic Biodiversity 257

The Human Genome Project 259

Mutations

Objectives and Resources 261

The Effect of Mutations 262

For Harm or Benefit? 263

Antibiotic Resistance 264

Antigenic Variability in Pathogens 265

The Genetic Origins of Cancer 266

Oestrogen, Transcription, and Cancer 267

Gene Mutations 268

Sickle Cell Mutation 269

Cystic Fibrosis Mutation 270

Chromosome Mutations 271

The Fate of Conceptions 272

Aneuploidy in Humans 273

Down Syndrome 275

Inheritance

Objectives and Resources 276

The Advantages of Sex 278

Mendel’s Pea Plant Experiments 279

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance 280

Alleles 281

Basic Genetic Crosses 282

The Test Cross 283

Monohybrid Cross 284

Dominance of Alleles 285

Investigating Human Variation 287

Dihybrid Cross 289

Multiple Alleles in Blood Groups 291

Genomic Imprinting 292

Meiosis 293

Crossing Over 295

Crossing Over Problems 296

Linkage 297

Recombination 298

Chromosome Mapping 299

Gene-Environment Interactions 301

Interactions Between Genes 303

Sex Determination 304

Sex Linked Genes 305

Inheritance Patterns 307

Genetic Counselling 308

Polygenes 309

Pedigree Analysis 311

Population Genetics

Objectives and Resources 313

The Modern Theory of Evolution 315

Darwin’s Theory 316

Gene Pool Exercise 317

Gene Pools and Evolution 319

Changes in a Gene Pool 321

Adaptations and Fitness 322

Natural Selection 323

The Evolution of Darwin’s Finches 325

Industrial Melanism 327

Selection for Human Birth Weight 329

Heterozygous Advantage 330

The Evolution of Drug Resistance 331

The Founder Effect 332

Population Bottlenecks 333

Genetic Drift 334

Selective Breeding in Animals 335

Selective Breeding in Crop Plants 337

Breeding Modern Wheat 339

The Evidence for Evolution

Objectives and Resources 340

The Fossil Record 341

Dating Fossils 343

DNA Hybridisation 344

Immunological Studies 345

Protein Comparisons 346

Biogeographical Evidence 347

Oceanic Island Colonisers 348

Homologous Structures 349

Vestigial Organs 350

Evolution

Objectives and Resources 351

The Species Concept 353

Stages in Species Development 355

Isolation and Species Formation 356

Reproductive Isolation 357

Allopatric Speciation 359

Sympatric Speciation 361

Speciation in Australia 362

Patterns of Evolution 363

The Rate of Evolutionary Change 364

Adaptive Radiation in Ratites 365

Adaptive Radiation in Mammals 367

Coevolution 369

Convergent Evolution 371

The Evolution of Novel Forms 373

Geographical Distribution 375

Extinction 376

Human Evolution

Objectives and Resources 377

Primate Groups 379

Primate Classification 380

General Primate Characteristics 381

Human Characteristics 382

Hominin Evolution 383

The Emerging View 385

The Origin of Modern Humans 387

Bipedalism and Nakedness 390

Adaptations for Bipedalism 391

The Development of Intelligence 393

Cultural Evolution 395

Art and Spirituality 397

Dating a Prehistoric Site 399

Present and Future Human Evolution 400

INDEX 401